Script+and+Resources

This ppt is Dean's final draft (Monday 6.45pm) please add to and upload revised versions if you wish! ** Deans' draft completed Wednesday 12.00 with Leigh and Judi's additions on introductory activity Deans' draft completed Monday 3.45 INTRODUCTION - Overview? (To be discussed- covering concepts and big questions i.e. Educational contexts?)
 * [[file:Socratic Scholars - The Delphic Oracle.ppt]]

(//She takes a big breath of incense)// Ohhhhhhh I see…..I see……. I see a report coming in from the field! A breaking story from our courts. You will remember when this reporter informed you that the philosopher, Socrates was indeed the wisest man in the world. Sensationally he has been charged with the corruption of the minds. We take you to our reporter in the field who is covering the trial now in progress: (//File image of Athenian youth – read image on board //): Yeah, I’ve listened to this teacher Socrates, he didn’t tell us anything! Teachers are supposed to tell us stuff, give us the answers! All he did was ask questions! We had to do all the thinking!   **Questions **: as an activity, each table of people can discuss a different Socratic style question about the role play. If we have ten tables, perhaps we can give each question out twice. I would suggest two minutes discussion in their group and one minute to give responses to the whole group. **Oracle of Delphi:** A terrible tragedy. For further comment we have joining us in the studio a scholar and great supporter of the condemned man Socrates, the author and philosopher Plato. He was a great man who taught us the value of the Dialectic- that is To solve a problem, we must break it down into a series of questions, the answers to which gradually distill the answer we seek. He was a great teacher and a man of principle However while his pursuit of knowledge was noble it lacked a clear framework. This has been the inspiration for my new book ‘The Republic’ – only 5 drachmas – sold at all good book stalls and markets! While Socrates taught us that the pursuit of knowledge should drive us I want more for my students. I want them to realise that what they learn as they seek answers to their questions is worth a great deal, that ultimately will help them lead good and productive lives. But is has to be more than just the seeking of knowledge - they need to apply a set of objective standards to realise this greater ‘Good’. This is what they will get from ‘The Republic’! It is based on the ‘Theory of Forms’ If you think of the world of thought divided into two entities: one is sovereign over all that is Intelligible and the other over what may been seen or sensed. We will call them the Intelligible and the Visible. Within the ‘Visible’ we find a further division between what we see around us – as the manifestation of entities and their likeness or imagined representation. As our mind perceives, we apply ‘Belief’ in the objects reality and ‘Imagining’ as we view its reflection or shadow. Within the ‘Intelligible’ we also find two divisions. In one we may apply a set of assumptions which go beyond the realm of what we sense. Here we rely on ideas only, beyond the object we have sensed. They may be a set of mathematical ideas that we apply using commonly accepted understandings. For example we apply the rules of geometry to determine relationships that though apply to real, sensed objects are being utilised to create ‘realities’ in the mind which apply here in my diagram to ‘Thinking and Understanding’ The other division is the realm of ‘reason’. It moves beyond the assumptions of what we have sensed and what we understand. It relies on the power of the dialectic to move from idea to idea and create what I have labelled here ‘intelligence or knowledge’. This is the ‘Good’ we should strive to attain. If we consider these divisions as affections occurring in the soul they may be arranged in order as seen here and then applied in proportion as we consider our world and its truths. This may be best understood if we consider for example the concept of ‘Beauty’. (go to Powerpoint animated slide)
 * Oracle of Delphi:** Good Evening welcome to the program that aims to give you all the news that's fit to chisel - even before it’s happened - ‘//The Delphic Oracle’// I’m your host the Oracle of Delphi.
 * Reporter **: Today we are awaiting the verdict of the trial of controversial teacher Socrates. Socrates has steered our youthful Athenian men from innocent boys to corrupt their minds with his so-called teachings. 
 * Reporter **: Teacher Watch were part of an enraptured audience in central Athens when Socrates was teaching recently. See how the story unfolds and indeed, all he does is ask questions. 
 * Socrates **: You are offered a chariot for 5 pieces of silver, even though you know it is worth eight. You know it is not the seller’s to offer. What do you do? 
 * Athenian youth **: I would buy it – what a bargain! <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Socrates **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: What would you do if you were caught? <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Athenian youth **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: I’d tell the guards I’d bought it with good money. <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Socrates **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: What about facing our city officials, when they ask if you knew it was stolen? <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Athenian youth **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: I’d say I didn’t. <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Socrates **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: Would that be a lie? <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Athenian youth **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: Hmm… yes, but I didn’t steal it! I still bought it! <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Socrates **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: Why would you say that? <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Athenian youth **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: I’d be afraid of them locking me up and my parents disowning me. <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Socrates **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: If you could stand back and look at yourself, lying out of fear of being caught and of humiliation for buying a chariot for less than it was worth when you knew it was stolen, what would you think of that person. <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Athenian youth **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: Well, I don’t really like the person you painted. Perhaps I wouldn’t buy the chariot after all. <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Reporter **<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msoansilanguage: EN-US;">: News just in… the verdict for the trial of Socrates has been handed down and he has been found guilty of corrupting Athenian youths and interfering with the religion of the city. He has been sentenced to death by drinking hemlock. That’s all we have time for tonight. Don’t forget to vote in our Teachers’ Watch news poll: Philosophising youths… is this the end of civilisation? Good night. <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">
 * Plato:** Thakyou Del. It’s a sad day for us all.
 * Oracle of Delphi:** I believe you have written a book about this latest controversy
 * Plato** : Yes its called The Apology – and it is the true story of Socrates
 * Oracle of Delphi:** Thankyou Plato. Well is 'The Republic' as great as it's author claims? We are joined now by our Film and Book Reviewer Stavros of Alexandria. You've read 'The Republic' what's the verdict?

Did you know that chapter seven has just been made into a movie! I got a special sneak peak at the movie called 'The Republic:The Cave Unmasked'. The movie wasn't as good as the book, they never really are. However it is worth an evening out at your local cinema. It i<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; color: #171717; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; language: en-US; mso-color-index: 1;">s about people who are living in a “cave” - they represent the "uneducated", not like people like us Oracle. What these cave characters perceive as real material objects are really just shadows of the real thing. When someone gets out of the cave they see the “light”, a.k.a the real world. When they come back to tell others of what they have seen they are ridiculed. Anyway enough of this good looking reviewers comments, heres a sneak peak of the upcoming motion picture starring Hugh Jackman. //Play Cave movie from You Tube- []// Oracle the experts believe that education involves 'breaking those chains and leading a person from the cave into the bright sunshine" They say that this is achieved by involving the student in a dialectical process leading them as far as they are capable.
 * Stavros (Stewart):** Thanks Oracle, you bet it's the best thing since slice bread, I read it over and over about 10 times, I just couldn't put it down! The Republic is one of the most influential works of philosophy and political therory ever, and I believe its Plato's best work to date. Definity the best read of 380 BC.

//Matrix slideshow running in background. media type="custom" key="3531698"// Another movie getting released in the summer touches on the same theme, it's called The Matrix starring a young up and coming actor called Keanau Reeves. Those in the Matrix are the prisoners, Neo (Keanau) is released and he sees the real world. He returns to 'educate' those seeing the 'shadows' the Matrix provides. The movie includes some cool slow motion action scenes never seen before. Heres a short part of this movie and how it relates to 'The Republic'. //Play Matrix movie from You Tube// []

Well Oracle that's two movies you don't want to miss, hopefully our viewers eyes are open to the world of possibillities. This is Starvos reporting direct from inside or outside the cave.

TO BE INCLUDED - Cross to Aristotle special item __THIS BIT IS FOR THE HANDOUT - TO BE POSTED MONDAY 30/3/09__

ARISTOTLE : BRIEF HISTORY ( **** 384-323 B.C. **** ) ** //Extract from : www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/aee501/aristotle.html [accessed 29/3/09]// <span style="font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Born in Stagire, Macedonia, in 384 B.C., was the son of a physician at the court of Amyntas, king of Macedonia. <span style="font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· It is generally believed that Artistotle came to Athens in 366 B.C., when he was eighteen years old, and became a student in Plato's Academy. Plato regarded Aristotle as brilliant and referred to him as the "nous" or "the mind." <span style="font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· King Philip of Macedon appointed Aristotle, at the age forty-one, as official tutor of his son Alexander (soon to be “Alexander the Great”). <span style="font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· In 338 B.C. Philip of Macedon defeated the Athenian army at the battle of Chaeronea. He thereby effected the unification of Greece under Macedonian rule. <span style="font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Aristotle, now age fifty, moved to Athens once again. He purchased a valuable group of buildings, land and gardens, and there established a school of higher education in philosophy. Aristotle's “Lyceum” won acclaim for its distinguished work in the natural sciences. <span style="font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· When Alexander returned from his expeditions of conquest, he brought back to his former tutor Aristotle samples of animal and vegetable life from all over the conquered territories. Alexander also endowed Aristotle's school with the equivalent of almost four million dollars. Thus Aristotle was able to establish the first zoo and the first botanical garden in the world. Aristotle's scientific observations became the world's chief source of scientific knowledge for the next thousand years. <span style="font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Aristotle continued teaching in the Lyceum until 323 B.C. In the morning, he strolled about the gardens with his regular students. Aristotle always took his noon meal with his regular students. In the afternoon, he delivered lectures on politics, literature, and philosophy to the populace in general. <span style="font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· The Lyceum. Two distinctive features among many at the Lyceum were: <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Student Rule. Students at the Lyceum organized and ruled themselves. Every ten days a different student would be elected to handle the adminitrative duties. <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Student Research. All students were assigned tasks involving historical or scientific research. Aristotle based many of his scientific propositions upon this research. <span style="font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Aristotle had publicly supported Macedonian policies, but he found continued support increasingly difficult as Alexander, flushed with conquest, became more arrogant and more capricious in cruelty. The political climate of Athens became dangerous for everyone, and especially for an independent philosopher. Aristotle broke with Alexander after he, Alexander, had Callisthenes, nephew of Aristotle, put to death for failing to reverence the ruler as a god. Aristotle went into exile, moving to Chalcis in Euboea in 323 B.C. He died this same year in Chalcis at age sixty-one. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"> //Extract from : www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/aee501/aristotle.html [accessed 29/3/09]// The importance of education in the philosophy of Aristotle was great, since the individual man could learn to use his reason to arrive at virtue, happiness, and political harmony only through the process of education. During the early education of the child, Aristotle would have the state legislature censor the material which would be read by children. []
 * A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ARISTOTLE’S THOUGHTS ON EDUCATION: **
 * 1. AIM OF EDUCATION.** The purpose of education is to produce a good man. Man is not good by nature. He must learn to control his animal activities through the use of reason. Only when man behaves by habit and reason, according to his nature as a rational being, is he capable of happiness. Education must aim at the development of the full potentialities of each man. It must seek the development of man's intellectual capacities to their fullest extent. It must aim also at developing each individual's body to its highest level of health and strength.
 * 2. EDUCATION OF WOMEN**. Women were considered inferior to men. The nature of women suggested that their proper function was fulfilled exclusively in the home. Women would not be educated with men. They would receive training in gymnastics and domestic arts to enable them to manage households, to bear and raise children, and to please and be obedient to their husbands.
 * 3. EDUCATION OF MEN**. Since citizenship would extend only to the aristocracy, which included rulers, soldiers, and priests, education would be given exclusively to this group. The farmer, laborer, merchant, and slave would be trained in whatever specific skills were required of them. Training in industrial arts or vocational skills is not education. Education is that which liberates man, enabling him to live his leisured existence according to his full potentialities. Education is therefore a practical means to the end of achieving the acme of man's nature.
 * 4. THE CONTENT OF EDUCATION.** Education must not serve any mean or vocational activity. These activities are the functions of slaves. The subject material must train the future rulers in the use of reason. Future rulers must learn obedience and responsibility before they rule. We may infer from the curriculum of the Academy that the following subjects would be taught:
 * a. Basics.** These would include reading, writing and mathematics (not for purposes of trade, but as a preparation for the intellectual abstractions of higher mathematics).
 * b. Natural Sciences.** Aristotle emphasized the natural sciences of astronomy, biology, physiology, zoology, chemistry and physics.
 * c. Physical Education.** The training of the body is important to the physical well-being of every citizen.
 * d. Humanities.** Rhetoric, grammar, poetry, politics and philosophy would be important subjects.
 * 5. THE METHOD OF EDUCATION.** Aristotle placed habit high in the learning process. Man learns by nature, by habit, and by reason. Consequently, the teacher would organize materials according to the laws of reason. Repetitive drill would be used to reinforce what was understood by reason.